Agency over Phantom Limb Enhanced by Short-Term Mirror Therapy

Agency over Phantom Limb Enhanced by Short-Term Mirror Therapy

Most amputees experience phantom limb, whereby they feel that the amputated limb is still present. In some cases, these experiences include pain that can be alleviated by "mirror therapy." Mirror therapy consists of superimposing a mirrored image of the moving intact limb onto the phantom limb. This therapy provides a closed loop between the motor command to the amputated limb and its predicted...

Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation that is perceived in a body part that no longer exists. To control this pain, many methods have been used such as medication, physical treatment, nerve block, neuromodulation, surgical treatment and mirror therapy. However, until now, there effects have been uncertain. We report the successful reduction of phantom limb pain using mirror therapy when othe...

Nursing Management and Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Mirror Therapy as an Alternative Treatment for Phantom Limb Pain: A Short Literature Review

Received May 10, 2013. Accepted May 21, 2013. Correspondence to: Aria Soleimani, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Mazandaran Heart Center, Hazrat Fatima Hospital, Artesh Boulevard, Mazandaran Province, Sari, Iran Tel: +98-1512226262, Fax: +98-1512268915, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial L...

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Mirror Therapy for Upper Extremity Phantom Limb Pain in Male Amputees

OBJECTIVE Phantom limb pain (PLP) is prevalent in patients post-amputation and is difficult to treat. We assessed the efficacy of mirror therapy in relieving PLP in unilateral, upper extremity male amputees. METHODS Fifteen participants from Walter Reed and Brooke Army Medical Centers were randomly assigned to one of two groups: mirror therapy (n = 9) or control (n = 6, covered mirror or ment...